Mass in linear terms is an the amount of matter in an object, it is also a measure of its reluctance to change its linear momentum.
A Moment of Inertia is the rotational equivalent.
It can be described as the concentration of mass within the object relative to the axis of rotation (or spin axis).
An object can have several moments of Inertia based upon the point about which it is rotated.
The further away from the spin axis the mass is concentrated the higher the moment of inertia.
Moments of Inertia of Different Objects
A solid bar, Rotated about one end.
This is the closest simple analogy to a rotor blade so is handy when trying to model the behaviour of a rotor system.